Lidar
Application Track
Automated
Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling Track
Raster
Tools Track
Watershed & Stream
Characteristics Track
LIDAR
APPLICATION TRACK
(WED DEC 18 8:00 - 9:30 AM)
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North
Carolina Floodplain Mapping Program:
Lessons Learned and Advancements in LIDAR Technology
Robert A. Ryan, PLS, CP
President & General Manager
EarthData International of NC
1912 Eastchester Drive, Suite 111
High Point, NC 27265
Tel: 336-812-9121
Fax: 336-812-9018
Cell: 336-210-2532
bryan@earthdata.com
This
presentation will begin with an overview of “lessons learned”
during the 2001 acquisition and processing of 13,000 square miles
of LIDAR data in support of Phase I of the North Carolina Floodplain
Mapping Program. The overview will be followed by discussion
of the technological advancements and capabilities of newer LIDAR
sensors, including the acquisition and application of LIDAR intensity
imagery, improvements in data processing procedures and techniques,
and the use of LIDAR derived bare earth elevation histograms for
final quality assurance of the bare earth DEM. The presentation
will conclude with brief discussion and illustrations of some
ancillary uses and value added products that can be produced from
LIDAR data, including production of land use classification data
through the analysis of multiple-return LIDAR data, which can
be used to calculate the “N” values for H&H modeling.
top
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Applications
Development Using 1:24000-Scale Nation Hydrography
Dataset and Elevation Data in North Carolina
Chris Kannan, Silvia Terziotti, and Lloyd Edwards
U.S. Geological Survey, Raleigh, NC
Zsolt Nagy, David Giordano, and John Derry
North Carolina Center for Geographic Information & Analysis
Cam McNutt
North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources
Christopher Kannan
(919) 571-4030
ckannan@usgs.gov
The
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the North Carolina Center for
Geographic Information and Analysis (NC CGIA) are working together
to produce 1:24000-scale (24K) data for the National Hydrography
Dataset (NHD) statewide. This collaboration includes innovative
partnership agreements between the USGS Eastern Region Geography
and NC CGIA, and NHD production by USGS Eastern Region Water Resources
personnel. In addition, LIDAR-derived elevation products will
be generated statewide, as part of the North Carolina Floodplain
Mapping Program. The creation and availability of 24K NHD and
high-resolution elevation data support the need for the development
of applications using NHD.
A
team was formed in North Carolina to develop applications using
the 24K NHD. The team consists of members from the USGS Geography
and Water Resources disciplines, NC CGIA, North Carolina Department
of Environmental and Natural Resources, and North Carolina Department
of Transportation. The team’s objective is to develop applications
using the NHD with existing State datasets, to demonstrate the
uses to various stakeholders. The initial application development
focuses on using the NHD tool set created for use in ArcView
such
as reach indexing, watershed tools, and navigation, to demonstrate
the uses of the data model. The initial application uses State
of North Carolina datasets, including 305b use and support for
stream classifications, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) sites and ambient monitoring sites. USGS datasets
include digital orthophotography, digital raster graphics, land
cover, National Elevation Dataset, and stream gage locations
with
near real-time stream stage information available on the Web.
The on line application demonstrates how the data could be used
during drought conditions. Proposed future application development
includes incorporating high-resolution elevation data.
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REMOTE
SENSING AND GEOSPATIAL APPLICATION FOR WETLAND MAPPING, ASSESSMENT,
AND MITIGATION
Charles
G. O'Hara, Consortium Manager
National Consortium on Remote Sensing in
Transportation - Environmental Assessment
Engineering Research Center
2 Research Boulevard
Mississippi State, MS 39762
cgohara@erc.msstate.edu
High
spatial and spectral resolution hyperspectral image data along
with high resolution digital elevation data can provide the
capability
to detect wetland vegetation, provide improved detection of hydrologic
features and conditions, and when combined with digital soils
data, provide an improved contextual assessment for screening
areas that have a high likelihood of containing wetlands. High
spatial and spectral resolution hyperspectral image data and
high
resolution LIDAR data were collected for an area located between
Asheboro and High Point, in the Deep River watershed, Randolph
County, North Carolina. To determine the utility of such data
for the preliminary identification of areas that have a high
likelihood
of being wetlands, methods of data synthesis, fusion, analysis,
and comparison using geospatial and remote sensing technologies
were developed. A combination of neighborhood analysis, hydrologic
analysis, contextual analysis, and fusion techniques were developed
and used to produce a preliminary wetlands likelihood determination
map. The techniques were developed to provide a surrogate process
that closely approximated determinations made as part of conventional
field wetland assessments. The map product was compared to
the
results of a National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) survey recently
completed as part of a US DOT Research Special Projects Administration
(RSPA) technology application project as well as to a NC DOT
field
wetland assessment completed to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
standards. When compared to the results of conventional assessments,
areas
mapped as wetlands by NWI methods and by NC DOT field wetland
assessment methods were identified by the analysis technique
as
having a high likelihood of being wetlands.
The
early collection of high spatial and spectral resolution hyperspectral
image data and high-resolution digital elevation data for transportation
project areas can facilitate early planning and assessment,
enhance
screening for areas that have a high likelihood of containing
wetlands, and provide preliminary indication of sites in the
project
study area suitable for wetland mitigation.
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Using
the SINK hydrologic function to identify treetops in small-footprint
multiple-return Lidar data
Stoker,
J.M., Hoffer, R.M., Kaufmann, M.R., and Garcia, L.A.
The
use of small-footprint multiple-return Lidar is a relatively
new but potentially powerful tool for analysis of forest structure.
Small-footprint multiple-return Lidar data offer the possibility
to detect and measure individual trees. This study evaluated
the effectiveness of the SINK hydrologic function in Arc/Info’s
GRID module to help locate individual treetops from Lidar data
in a 15 ha plot located in the Colorado Front Range. We inverted
the vegetation grid derived from the Lidar data, and used a 3x3
convolution filter to smooth out the data and remove some of the
variability. We then used the SINK hydrologic function to find
areas of internal drainage in this inverted vegetation grid, which
were assumed to be the tops of overstory trees. We then compared
the differences between the numbers of trees in a clump (a group
of trees whose crowns are contiguous) using the SINK hydrologic
function to the numbers of trees surveyed in that clump. Because
the data were not normal, we used the Wilcoxon signed rank test
to test the comparison. In order to remove trees that were in
the understory and not being recorded in the Lidar data, we made
this comparison at different height thresholds. There was no
significant difference in the numbers of trees taller than five
meters (p= .11), six meters (p=. 37), and trees taller than 7
meters (p= .83).
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Mapping
Characteristics of LIDAR and IFSAR
John J Kosovich
USGS, RMMC
jjkosovich@usgs.gov
Characteristics
of LIDAR and IFSAR elevation data and intensity/magnitude imagery
are important to mapping programs in the U. S. Geological Survey.
The high accuracies and resolutions of these datasets produce
better DEM surfaces and derived datasets such as contours and
hydrography, and allow for automated feature extraction methods
to create other layers for The National Map, such as buildings,
trees, and roads. Data fusion processes are also being investigated
to combine the individual strengths of LIDAR, IFSAR, and traditional
USGS DEM data into unique new datasets. Fusion of elevation and
intensity LIDAR and IFSAR with digital orthoimagery is a key part
of this research. Knowledge gained in comparing LIDAR, IFSAR,
USGS, and SRTM elevation surfaces for the Morrison quadrangle
pilot study site is critical in determining potential uses and
drawbacks of these data types.
Other
elevation research activities will also be presented, including
examples of data fusion and terrain visualization using the
National
Elevation Dataset.
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Landcover-Dependent
Fusion of SRTM Data and Airborne LIDAR Data
K. Clint Slatton, Melba M. Crawford, and Larry Teng
The Center for Space Research
The University of Texas at Austin
3925 W. Braker Ln., Suite 200
Austin, TX 78759 USA
slatton@csr.utexas.edu
crawford@csr.utexas.edu
teng@csr.utexas.edu
http://www.csr.utexas.edu/rs/
NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) acquired interferometric
synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data over approximately 80% of
the global land surface in 2000. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)
have been produced from the SRTM data with spatial resolutions
of 1 arc-second (approximately 30 m). Prior to SRTM, spaceborne
InSAR data had been limited to repeat-pass acquisitions. However,
forming DEMs over vegetated regions is problematic with repeat-pass
InSAR due to the well-known temporal decorrelation phenomenon.
Because the SRTM data were acquired in a single-pass mode, DEMs
over heavily vegetated areas are now available.
While
the SRTM data can provide seamless DEMs over large areas, the
spatial resolution is insufficient for many applications, such
as urban mapping and hydrologic modeling. We combine the relatively
coarse SRTM data with high-resolution airborne LIDAR data over
a test site in Austin, Texas, located in the Lower Colorado River
Watershed. A multiscale estimation framework is used to combine
the data, which yields fused DEMs at multiple resolutions. Coarse
DEMs are produced with locally improved accuracy where LIDAR data
are available, and high-resolution DEMs are produced with coverages
extending beyond the location of the LIDAR data. The data fusion
framework adjusts to different landcover types and provides a
mechanism to update DEMs as new data become available.
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AUTOMATED
HYDROLOGIC AND HYDROLIC MODELING TRACK
(WED DEC 18 8:00 - 9:30 AM)
----
Terrain
for the Lower Colorado River
Flood Damage Evaluation Project
Erin
Atkinson, EIT, Halff Associates, Inc.
Rick Diaz, GIS Programmer, Lower Colorado River Authority
The
Flood Damage Evaluation Project for the Lower Colorado River
Authority analyzed flood events along the main stem of the
Colorado River
from Hwy 190 near San Saba to Matagorda Bay at the Texas Gulf
coast, approximately 480 miles. To automate the creation of
a one-dimensional hydraulic model, HEC-GeoRAS was used to extract
cross section geometry from a terrain surface model based on
the
integration of multiple elevation data sources.
This
paper presents the methodology that was used to assemble the
Digital Terrain Model (DTM) for the corridor along the main
stem of the
Lower Colorado River, along with some of the limitations and
solutions that were found along the way. The DTM included data from aerial
mapping, USGS DEMs, lake bathymetry surveys, and interpolated
channel geometry from field surveys. The resulting surface model
was stored as a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) and allowed
for cross sections to be extracted at any point along the main
stem of the river.
top
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Creating
a Multi-Sourced, Ultra-High Resolution 3-D Karst Aquifer Model
Using LADAR, SONAR, and Earth Resistivity Datatsets.
Marcus
O. Gary, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Geological
Sciences
Dr. William C. Stone, Stone Aerospace/PSC, Inc.
Channelized
karst aquifers represent some of the most complex hydrogeological
features known. Charting such three dimensional labyrinths and
interpreting the various geological and hydrological relationships,
particularly between sub-surface and surficial features, has been
extraordinarily difficult. Two recent technologies – LADAR and
phased array sonar – and improved earth resistivity techniques,
promise the ability to model such features in detail in a fully
three-dimensional capacity and to link metadata to the model
through
the use of immersive interactive graphics.
Zacatón,
likely the deepest cenote in the world, has a sub-aquatic void
space exceeding 7.5 x 106 cubic meters, and likely
much larger is the focus of this study in which we are creating
a detailed 3D map of the entire system. in order The interactive
map, when completed, will include data from above the ground
surface,
beneath the water table, and in the rock matrix itself ,and will
be used to gain more accurate knowledge of the extent of these
immense karst features and to interpret the geologic processes
that formed them.
Phase
1 of the research, completed in January of 2002, involved high
resolution (20 mm) LADAR scanning of surficial features, including
four of the largest cenotes in the complex. Advantages to using
LADAR, a ground-based, static mount equivalent to aerial platform
based LIDAR imagery, include imaging under tree canopies, manmade
structures, or within overhung rock structures. Scan locations
-- selected to achieve full feature coverage once registered --
were established atop surface benchmarks whose UTM coordinates
were established using GPS and Total Stations. The combined
datasets will be meshed to form a geo-registered TIN that will
represent
surface features down to water level inside the cenotes.
Phase
2 is to begin in January 2003 and will entail subsurface imaging
using Earth resistivity geo-physical methods. Spatial data from
this technique will identify other void spaces isolated from open
flow conduits and large variations in water chemistry. The most
innovative aspect of this project will be Phase 3, during which
the team will acquire high-resolution imagery of the underwater
voids. We plan to modify the 3D Digital Wall Mapper used to image
the deep Floridian aquifer in 1999 during a National Geographic
expedition, and produce a detailed TIN of the Zacatón phreatic
zone.
top
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Automated
Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling
By Steve Jencen, P.E., Senior Project Manager
AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc
As the increased FEMA budget stirs interest in the floodplain
mapping program, new ideas and technological advances are being
discussed to provide services on a broader scale. The map modernization
program will require information to be collected faster than
the traditional methods to keep up with the goals of the program.
To accomplish these goals, technological advances are being
investigated and incorporated into the field data collection
process. These new tools include the use of LIDAR, ground-based
LIDAR, Hyper-spectral imaging, sector-scan sonar, GPS, GIS,
PDAs, and digital cameras. The combination of these tools provides
data, which can be manipulated and used in automated hydrologic
and hydraulic modeling. Regression, unit hydrograph, and stage
flow data can be automated for inclusion in hydraulic modeling.
With the addition of UNET as an unsteady flow component of
HEC-RAS 3.0, improved modeling techniques are available for
large scale areas. This presentation discusses integration
of data for modeling hydrology and hydraulics in an automated
fashion.
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Automated
Hydrology and Hydraulics and
Advanced Terrain Processing with WISE
David
Key, Joe Chapman and Gray Minton
The use of tools for performing automated
hydrology and hydraulics are becoming increasingly common in
the water resources industry.
A number of these tools provide improved efficiency in performing
specific tasks (basin delineations, cross section takeoffs, etc.)
that can greatly reduce the man-hours required to complete a
project. For the past five years, Watershed Concepts has worked
toward developing a comprehensive system for not only automating
specific tasks but also managing the required data sets needed
to complete large scale hydrologic and hydraulic analysis projects.
This presentation will focus demonstrate
our approach to automated hydrology and hydraulics through
the use of the Watershed information
System (WISE) software developed by Watershed Concepts. WISE
is a powerful tool to manage data sets such as terrain, hydrography,
land use, physical surveys (structure and cross section), and
allows users to quickly and efficiently create models based on
the data stored within these databases. The system has been developed
to manage these data sources in a manner to allow for quick updates
to models based on changes to any variety of input data. For
example, as the terrain data stored within WISE is updated based
on more recent or more detailed topographic data, the cross sections
used to prepare hydraulic models can be automatically updated
based on the new terrain and a new hydraulic model created in
a fraction of the time previously required. This capability allows
for creation of “living” models that can be efficiently
updated on a regular basis as changes occur within a watershed.
The same capabilities can be used to store and model various
scenarios based proposed alternatives or project changes in land
use for example.
In addition to demonstration of the automated hydrologic and
hydraulic modeling features, this presentation will also demonstrate
our approach to handling of terrain data through the WISE Terrain
Module. Advances in terrain data collection have spurred the
need for new tools to work with this data. More accurate sources
are making new types of data with larger file sizes available,
but previous tools are not optimized for working with this new
data. The new data is forcing the development of better systems
to handle storing and accessing these large terrain files, as
well as new methods for converting the raw data into a useful
format that an engineer can use in model generation. One of the
biggest issues with any type of terrain data is determining how
to correct it hydrologically. Natural sumps and depressions will
be present in any raw terrain data format, and determining how
to route flow out of these areas is difficult. There are a few
programs on the market that have attempted to tackle this problem,
but the resulting fixes usually resulted in a loss of precision
for the corrected area. To solve this problem, Watershed Concepts
has developed our own program (FAUCET) that automatically fixes
these terrain problem areas while preserving the raw terrain
data as much as possible.
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USING DIGITAL TERRAIN DATA
FOR AUTOMATED FLOOD MODELING
Josh Price and Seth Ahrens, PBS&J
This presentation will examine some of the key features that
digital terrain data must have for use in automated flood modeling
applications. While the minimum standards for terrain data acquisition
are well-defined in various guidelines, this paper will also
examine some of the other useful features such data should have
to make it more readily useable for mapping purposes.
This paper will discuss key features that should be obtained
or confirmed, and how those features enhance flood mapping and
the creation of associated databases. The presentation will also
review the use of Automated Hydrology and Hydraulics packages
for National Flood Insurance Program modeling, and some of the
necessary terrain data elements for that application.
top
----
Terrain
for the Lower Colorado River
Flood Damage Evaluation Project
Erin
Atkinson, EIT, Halff Associates, Inc.
Rick Diaz, GIS Programmer, Lower Colorado River Authority
The Flood Damage Evaluation Project for the Lower Colorado River
Authority analyzed flood events along the main stem of the Colorado
River from Hwy 190 near San Saba to Matagorda Bay at the Texas
Gulf coast, approximately 480 miles. To automate the creation
of a one-dimensional hydraulic model, HEC-GeoRAS was used to extract
cross section geometry from a terrain surface model based on the
integration of multiple elevation data sources.
This
paper presents the methodology that was used to assemble the Digital
Terrain Model (DTM) for the corridor along the main stem of the
Lower Colorado River, along with some of the limitations and solutions
that were found along the way. The DTM included data from aerial
mapping, USGS DEMs, lake bathymetry surveys, and interpolated
channel geometry from field surveys. The resulting surface model
was stored as a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) and allowed
for cross sections to be extracted at any point along the main
stem of the river.
top
----
Creating
a Multi-Sourced, Ultra-High Resolution 3-D Karst Aquifer Model
Using LADAR, SONAR, and Earth Resistivity Datatsets.
Marcus
O. Gary, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Geological
Sciences
Dr. William C. Stone, Stone Aerospace/PSC, Inc.
Channelized karst aquifers represent
some of the most complex hydrogeological features known. Charting
such
three dimensional labyrinths and interpreting the various geological
and hydrological relationships, particularly between sub-surface
and surficial features, has been extraordinarily difficult.
Two
recent technologies – LADAR and phased array sonar – and
improved earth resistivity techniques, promise the ability to
model such features in detail in a fully three-dimensional
capacity and to link metadata to the model through the use of
immersive interactive graphics.
Zacatón, likely the deepest
cenote in the world, has a sub-aquatic void space exceeding
7.5 x 106
cubic meters, and likely much larger is the focus of this study
in which we are creating a detailed 3D map of the entire system.
in order The interactive map, when completed, will include
data
from above the ground surface, beneath the water table, and in
the rock matrix itself ,and will be used to gain more accurate
knowledge of the extent of these immense karst features and
to
interpret the geologic processes that formed them.
Phase 1 of the research, completed in January
of 2002, involved high resolution (20 mm) LADAR scanning of surficial
features, including four of the largest cenotes in the complex.
Advantages to using LADAR, a ground-based, static mount equivalent
to aerial platform based LIDAR imagery, include imaging under
tree canopies, manmade structures, or within overhung rock structures.
Scan locations -- selected to achieve full feature coverage once
registered -- were established atop surface benchmarks whose UTM
coordinates were established using GPS and Total Stations. The
combined datasets will be meshed to form a geo-registered TIN
that will represent surface features down to water level inside
the cenotes.
Phase
2 is to begin in January 2003 and will entail subsurface imaging
using Earth resistivity geo-physical methods. Spatial data
from
this technique will identify other void spaces isolated from
open flow conduits and large variations in water chemistry.
The most
innovative aspect of this project will be Phase 3, during which
the team will acquire high-resolution imagery of the underwater
voids. We plan to modify the 3D Digital Wall Mapper used to
image
the deep Floridian aquifer in 1999 during a National Geographic
expedition, and produce a detailed TIN of the Zacatón
phreatic zone.
top
----
HAZUS®MH:
Coastal Flood Hazard Analysis
Fatih Dogan
ABS Consulting
HAZUS®MH is ArcGIS-based software
that implements a nationally applicable methodology to estimate
losses from earthquakes, floods,
and hurricanes. Designed for use by floodplain managers, emergency
managers, planners, and consultants, the flood model will greatly
enhance the ability to identify flood exposure and risk, the
flood model will enhance the ability to effectively manage development.
The tool can be used by staff to support the decision making
process increasing the potential of effective floodplain management
policies.
The flood loss estimation methodology consists
of two basic analytical processes: hazard analysis and loss estimation
analysis. For
coastal hazard analysis, characteristics such as frequency,
stillwater elevations, wave conditions, and terrain information
are used
to model the spatial variation of flood elevation, flood depth,
and erosion. The results are applied in the loss estimation
module to compute physical damage and economic loss. This paper
describes
the methodology for determination of the coastal flood hazard
in a GIS framework. The discussion focuses on the manipulation
of digital terrain data to model storm-induced erosion of frontal
dunes.
top
TRACK
2
RASTER
TOOLS TRACK
(WED DEC 18 8:00 - 9:30 AM)
Moderator
- Steve Kopp
----
Some potential terrain analysis
tools for ArcGIS
David Tarboton
Utah State University, Utah Water Research Laboratory
The land surface plays a crucial role in the hydrologic cycle,
being the interface where partitioning of precipitation into
various components of runoff, infiltration, storage and evapotranspiration
occurs. Topography is arguably the most important land surface
attribute for hydrology. Terrain analysis based on grid digital
elevation models (DEMs) provides the capability to derive hydrologically
useful information that can be incorporated into a variety of
hydrologic models. Topography is at the heart of many hydrologic
models at a very basic level, since it serves to define watersheds,
the most basic hydrologic model element. In ArcGIS current functionality
for working with grid DEMs is founded upon the eight direction
pour point model (D8). This defines the representation of the
flow field across surface topography, which in this representation
is, at a basic level, limited to a resolution of 8 directions
(on multiples of 45 degree angles). This flow model serves as
the basis for channel network and watershed delineation in Arc
Hydro. In this presentation some generalized channel network
delineation procedures that can represent spatially variable
drainage density based upon terrain curvature and include an
objective method for drainage density determination based upon
channel network geomorphology will be described. Multiple flow
direction approaches for the representation of terrain flow fields,
one specific implementation of which is the D? model, will then
be described. These are designed to overcome some of the limitations
of the D8 model. In discussing multiple flow direction approaches,
their strengths and weaknesses, as well as new DEM derived quantities
such as downslope influence, upslope dependence, decayed accumulation,
reverse accumulation and transport limited accumulation are illustrated.
top
WATERSHED
AND STREAM CHARACTERISTICS TRACK
(WED DEC 18 9:30 – 10:10 AM)
Moderator
- Tommy Dewald
----
StreamStats:
A U.S. Geological Survey Web Application for Obtaining Streamflow
Statistics for Gaged and Ungaged Sites
Kernell
Ries
U.S. Geological Survey
Reston, VA
kries@usgs.gov
Dean
Djokic
Environmental Systems Research Institute
Redlands, CA
ddjokic@esri.com
Jacqueline
Coles
U.S. Geological Survey
Boise, ID
jdcoles@usgs.gov
Peter
Steeves
U.S. Geological Survey
Northborough, MA
psteeves@usgs.gov
Al
Rea
U.S. Geological Survey
Boise, ID
area@usgs.gov
The
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is working with the Environmental
Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) to develop a prototype
web application named StreamStats that will serve streamflow statistics,
basin characteristics, and other information for gaged and ungaged
sites to the public. Streamflow statistics, such as the 100-year
flood, the mean annual flow, the 7-day, 10-year low flow, and
flow-duration statistics, are needed by government agencies and
private industry for floodplain mapping, for the design of infrastructure,
and for water-resources planning and management.
StreamStats
will present maps of user-selected areas in a browser window.
Users will be able to click on gaging-station locations to obtain
previously published streamflow statistics, basin characteristics,
and descriptive data for the stations from a database. Users will
also be able to click on any location on a stream and obtain estimates
of streamflow statistics for the ungaged location. When an ungaged
site is selected, the coordinates for the selected point are sent
to a server that runs a GIS, which determines the basin boundary
for the point from digital elevation data, measures various basin
characteristics for the site, and inserts the characteristics
into regression equations to obtain estimates of streamflow statistics
for the site.
This
session will include four presentations, including resentations
on
-
the need for the application, the general approach, and plans
for implementing the application nationally;
-
the system design and web deployment;
- data
requirements and architecture; and
-
use of the ArcHydro Tools to obtain basin characteristics for
ungaged sites.
Presenters
of the presentations will be:
-
Kernell Ries, of the USGS;
-
Dean Djokic, of ESRI, and Jacqueline Coles, of the USGS;
- Peter
Steeves and Al Rea, of the USGS, and
-
Dean Djokic, of ESRI.
top
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NHD
Watershed: Tools and Applications
(11:15 – 11:45 AM)
Pete
Steeves
U.S. Geological Survey
Northborough, MA
psteeves@usgs.gov
The
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) ArcView Toolkit is a collection
of ArcView extensions that helps users work with NHD data. One
of these extensions is the watershed tool which allows users
to
delineate watersheds from any point on an NHD reach network.
A second extension is the watershed characteristics tool. Built
on top
of the watershed tool, this tool allows users to summarize watershed
characteristics for newly delineated watersheds. For the watershed
tool to work, 1:24,000-scale NHD must be preprocessed concurrently
with several other data layers in tiles of eight digit hydrologic
units. Preprocessing provides a true horizontally-integrated
digital-basemap
of 1:24,000-scale physiography, spatially consistent with Digital
Raster Graphics of USGS topographic quadrangles. The NHD ArcView
Toolkit watershed tool, and watershed characteristics tool, applied
to estimating flood frequency along any stream/river reach in
Vermont, provide important information to local, State, and federal
decision makers. The tools are also being used in Massachusetts
to determine the points on all headwater streams in a selected
watershed where an intermittent stream becomes perennial, using
the watershed tool in batch mode. The watershed tool is available
on the NHD website at http://nhd.usgs.gov/applications.html.
top
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SPARROW
Water-Quality Modeling: Application of the National Hydrography
Dataset
(11:45 AM – 12:15 PM)
Craig
M. Johnston and Richard Bridge Moore
U.S. Geological Survey
Pembroke, NH
cmjohnst@usgs.gov
rmoore@usgs.gov
The
New England SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed Attributes
(SPARROW) model is an application of the 1:100,000-scale National
Hydrography Dataset (NHD). New England SPARROW is a spatially
detailed, regression model that relates phosphorus and nitrogen
stream concentrations to pollution sources and watershed characteristics.
These statistical relations are then used to predict nutrient
loads in unmonitored streams. Watersheds for each NHD reach, were
delineated by use of the National Elevation Dataset (NED) and
the National Watershed Boundary Dataset. Estimates of stream flow
and velocity were assigned to the NHD reaches using the NHD navigation
functionality along with NED and other datasets.
top
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NHD
in Geodatabase Panel Discussion
(12:45 – 1:45 PM)
Paul
Wiese
U.S. Geological Survey
Reston, VA
pmwiese@usgs.gov
The
U.S. Geological Survey and partners are collaborating to develop
a geodatabase design for the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
that compliments the ESRI ArcHydro data model. This session will
describe progress to date on this effort as context for a group
discussion with attendees.
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Integrating
EDNA and NHD Datasets to Derive Catchments for Stream Reaches
(1:45 – 2:15 PM)
Bruce
Worstell
Science Applications International Corporation
Sioux Falls, SD
worstell@usgs.gov
Kristine
Verdin
Science Applications International Corporation
Sioux Falls, SD
kverdin@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov
Sue
Greenlee
U.S. Geological Survey
Sioux Falls, SD
sgreenlee@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov
DEM-derived
catchments are being developed for integration with the
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). The NHD provides cartographic
hydrography data for the US, and is commonly used by state and
federal agencies for managing and cataloging hydrologic data.
The NHD currently lacks catchment delineations for individual
reach segments. Catchment and watershed delineations are often
required for research applications. The Elevation Derivatives
for National Applications (EDNA) dataset provides important layers
relevant to hydrologic applications. We have developed techniques
to integrate the flow routing schemes of both datasets to derive
synthetic catchment delineations for NHD reaches.
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Estimating
Flow Volume and Velocity for the National Hydrography Dataset
(2:15 – 2:45 PM)
Al
Rea
U.S. Geological Survey
Boise, ID
area@usgs.gov
In
order to model the transport and fate of contaminants in streams
using the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), it is necessary
to have flow and velocity estimates for each NHD reach segment.
To meet this requirement, a project has been initiated to develop
estimates of mean annual flow and velocity, mean monthly flow,
and corresponding high and low estimates for each item. The project
will employ a hybrid deterministic/statistical approach that meets
these qualifications. It is expected that NHD flow and velocity
estimates will be closely integrated with water quality models.
To facilitate this integration, it is imperative that the water
quality models and the method for estimating flow and velocity
share a consistent framework. The digital elevation model used
to define basins for individual NHD reach segments should provide
such a framework. This presentation will discuss the approach,
status and plans for estimating NHD flow volume and velocity.
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Super-charging
the National Hydrography Dataset with Computed Attributes
(2:45 – 3:15 PM)
Cindy
McKay
Horizon Systems Corporation
Herndon, VA
ldm@horizon-systems.com
NHD
is delivered with a rich feature set, stream network components
with permanent identifiers, a standardized linear referencing
system, and feature flow relationships that allow the navigation
both upstream and downstream on the surface water network. These
characteristics of NHD are the elemental information about the
hydrographic network and the foundation for building powerful
water resource management and modeling capabilities. In the past
year, the US Environmental Protection Agency has launched a project
to enhance the NHD by the addition of a series of computed attributes
that enrich the speed and ease of using the NHD. These attributes
are called the NHD Value Added Attributes. These attributes are
computed, using software, solely from information contained in
the NHD. They include Strahler stream order, hydrologic sequence
number, terminal path Id, arbolate sum, drain level, path length,
and others. With these attributes, it is possible to navigate
the NHD with simple queries of the data and it is possible to
model flow and contaminate routing with a simple sequential processing
of the NHD features. The value added attributes make these and
other applications considerably easier to implement and much faster
to process. This paper describes the NHD Value Added Attributes
and explores their power.
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Making
the NHD Flow – Adding Hydrology to Hydrography (3:30 – 4:00
PM)
Tim
Bondelid
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park, NC
timothy@rti.org
There
is a great need for hydrologic parameter estimates in the NHD,
especially drainage areas and streamflows. This greatly enhances
the use of NHD for modeling and many other analyses. The NHD value-added
attributes being developed by EPA provide the rapid navigation
capabilities for implementing hydrologic parameter estimates.
This paper demonstrates the application of GIS and the NHD value-added
attributes for estimating hydrologic attributes in the NHD.
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Use
of the Elevation Derivatives for National Applications Dataset
(EDNA) to Determine Power Potential for Two Hydrologic Regions
of the United States
(4:00 – 4:30 PM)
Al
Rea
U.S. Geological Survey
Boise, ID
area@usgs.gov
Kristine
Verdin
Science Applications International Corporation
Sioux Falls, SD
kverdin@edcmail.cr.usgs.gov
The
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL),
a part of the Department of Energy (DOE) is required to estimate,
on a national basis, the total potential power production that
could be oabtained from low-head hydropower facilities. The national
estimate requires estimates of the mean annual flow, the head
(elevation change), and power potential for stream reaches throughout
the Nation. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has completed a
pilot study, in cooperation with the DOE, to determine the mean
flow, head, and power potential for each reach in the Elevation
Derivatives for National Applications (EDNA) dataset, Stage 1B,
for the Arkansas-White-Red and the Pacific Northwest hydrologic
regions, two of the eighteen hydrologic regions in the conterminous
United States.
The study was the first
time the EDNA Stage 1B data were used for a major hydrologic
study. Parameter-elevation Regressions
on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM, http://www.ocs.orst.edu/prism/prism_new.html)
climate data also were used in the analysis. The drainage area,
the mean annual precipitation, and the mean annual temperature
were determined for the drainage basin upstream from the terminal
node of each EDNA reach. These values were then inserted into
regression equations to estimate the mean annual flows. Head
was
determined as the difference between the local minimum elevation
at the terminal node of each EDNA reach and the local minimum
elevation for the next node upstream. The mean annual flows
and heads were inserted into a power equation provided by the
INEEL
to estimate the power potential for each reach, then these
estimates were summed to estimate the total power potential for
each of
the hydrologic regions.
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Low
Head / Low Power Resource Assessment of Hydrologic Units 11 and
17
(4:30 – 5:00 PM)
Randy
D. Lee
Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC
Idaho National Environmental and Engineering Laboratory
Idaho Falls, ID
LDY@inel.gov
An
analytical assessment of the hydropower potential of the Arkansas
White Red and Pacific Northwest Hydrologic Regions was performed
using state-of-the-art digital elevation models and geographic
information system tools. The principal focus of the study
was
the amount of low head (less than 30 ft)/low power (less than
1 MW) potential in the region and the fractions of this potential
that corresponded to the operating envelopes of three classes
of hydropower technologies: conventional turbines, unconventional
systems, and microhydro (less than 100 kW) technologies. To
obtain
these estimates, the hydropower potential of all the stream segments
in the region, which averaged 2 miles in length, were calculated.
These calculations were performed using hydrography and hydraulic
heads that were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey’s
Elevation Derivatives for National Applications dataset and
stream
flow predictions from a regression equation developed specifically
for the region. Stream segments excluded from development and
developed hydropower in the region were accounted for to produce
estimates of available total hydropower potential. The total
available
hydropower potential was subdivided high power (1 MW or more),
high head (30 ft or more) /low power, and low head/low power
potentials.
The sites of available low head/low power potentials corresponding
to the three classes of technologies and high head/low power
potential
are displayed on a maps of the region.
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Thursday, December
19 TRAINING SESSIONS AND SEMINARS
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Attribution of the Watershed
Boundary Dataset (WBD)
Kenny J. Legleiter
USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service
National Cartography & Geospatial Center
501 Felix St., Bldg 23
Fort Worth, TX 76115
Hydrologic units through four levels were created in the 1970's
and have been used extensively throughout the United States.
During the early 1990's, the Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) started to delineate hydrologic units to the
5th (Watershed) and 6th (Sub-watershed) level by using Geographic
Information Systems to meet 1:24,000 National Map Accuracy
Standards. With increased interest from other federal, state
and local entities, this initiative has become an interagency
effort and developed into the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD).
By 2002, a small number of states have completed the WBD to
the requirements of the Federal Standards for Delineation of
Hydrologic Unit Boundaries (http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/huc_data.html).
Many of the states have linework that meets the requirements
of the interagency guideline, but attribution has been slow
in getting completed. The session will provide hands-on training
on how to fill out the attribute table for the WBD using Arc
Macro Language (amls), the National Elevation Dataset (NED),
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), Geographic Names Information
System (GNIS), and other local and national datasets in ArcGIS.
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